English Grammar Guide for ESL

CONJUNCTIONS

On this page: Description, Exercises

Description

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples:

  • My brother and my sister

  • Tea or coffee

  • She said that you are leaving.

Common English conjunctions include:

  • and

  • if

  • that

  • but

  • or

  • nor

  • so

  • yet


Using Conjunctions

1. And

Use and to join similar ideas.

Examples:

  • I like tofu and rice.

  • She can sing and dance.

  • My brother and my sister live in Kingsville.

Comma Rule with and

Use a comma before and when it joins two complete sentences (independent clauses).

Examples:

  • I work at night, and she works during the day.

  • He studied hard, and he passed the exam.

Do not use a comma when and joins words or simple phrases.

Examples:

  • I play and sing.

  • I like tofu and rice.

  • She bought apples, oranges, and bananas.

❌ I play, and sing.
❌ I like tofu, and rice.


2. But

Use but to show a contrast or difference.

Examples:

  • I wanted to go, but I was busy.

  • She is tired, but she is still working.

  • The book is long, but it is interesting.

Comma Rule with but

Usually, put a comma before but when it joins two complete sentences.

Examples:

  • I wanted to help, but I didn't have time.

  • He studied hard, but he failed the test.


3. Other Common Conjunctions

or – shows a choice

  • Would you like tea or coffee?

  • You can walk or take the bus.

if – shows a condition

  • Call me if you need help.

  • If it rains, we will stay home.

so – shows a result

  • I was tired, so I went to bed early.

  • It was raining, so we stayed inside.

yet – shows an unexpected contrast

  • She is young, yet very talented.

  • He worked hard, yet he did not succeed.

nor – joins two negative ideas

  • He does not drink coffee, nor does he drink tea.

that – introduces a clause

  • She said that she was busy.

  • I know that he is right.


Remember

  • Conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses.

  • Use a comma before and when it joins two complete sentences.

  • Do not use a comma before and when it joins words or simple phrases.

  • Usually use a comma before but when it joins two complete sentences.

Exercises

Choose the correct form:

I wanted to go, (and, but, or) I was too tired.
Would you like tea (and, or, but) coffee?
She studied hard, (so, but, nor) she passed the exam.
I don't know (if, but, and) he is coming.
Tom (and, but, or) Jerry are good friends.
She said (that, but, or) she would call later.
You should leave now, (or, and, yet) you will miss the bus.
He is tired, (but, so, and) he wants to finish his work.
Close the window (and, or, but) lock the door.
I was hungry, (so, yet, nor) I made a sandwich.
Call me (if, and, but) you need help.
She is young, (yet, so, or) she is very experienced.
He doesn't drink coffee, (nor, but, so) does he drink tea.
We visited the museum (and, but, or) took many pictures.
You can stay here, (or, but, yet) you can come with us.


Search the Guide: